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Objective:To explore the distribution of airborne pollen in summer and autumn in Taiyuan, analyze the correlation between pollen characteristics, meteorological factors and allergic sensitization, and provide for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in this. Methods:The gravity sedimentation method was used to investigate the types, quantities and dispersion patterns of airborne pollen in Taiyuan City from July 21, 2022 to October 20, 2022. he meteorological and patient information was collected during the same period SPSS 26.0 software. Results:①A total of 17 118 pollen grains were collected, and identified as 14 families, 10 genera, and 4 species. The peak period for pollen dispersal in summer and autumn in Taiyuan City from late August to early September. airborne pollen Artemisia（66.62%）, Cannabis/Humulus（17.79%）, Sophora japonica（8.18%）, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae（2.83%）, Gramineae（2.11%）. ②The concentration of airborne pollen in Taiyuan City positively correlated with the average temperature（5-20℃） and maximum temperature（11-30℃） within a certain range（r=0.547, 0.315, P<0.05）. ③The content of airborne pollen in Taiyuan City positively correlated with the number of visits and allergen positive rate of patients with allergic rhinitis（AR） in our hospital（r=0.702, 0.747, P<0.05）. Conclusion:The peak period for airborne pollen dispersal during the summer and autumn seasons in Taiyuan City from late August to early September. The dominant pollen is Artemisia, Cannabis/Humulus, Sophora japonica, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Gramineae, and the absolute advantage pollen is Artemisia. Meteorological factors pollen content. Within a certain range, temperature the diffusion and transportation of pollen. The number of pollen grains the number of visits, which can serve as an environmental warning indicator for AR patients to take preventive, thereby reducing the risk of allergies.
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Male , Humans , Seasons , Pollen , Rhinitis, Allergic , Allergens , CitiesABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on emergence agitation in the patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.Methods:Eighty patients of both sexes, aged 25-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=40 each) by a random number table method: TEAS group (group T) and control group (group C). In group T, the Hegu (L14), Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) were stimulated starting from 30 min before induction of anesthesia until the end of operation, with a frequency of 2/100 Hz and disperse-dense waves.The intensity of stimulation was the maximum current that patients could tolerate.In group C, stimulating electrodes were placed at the same acupoints before induction, but no electrical stimulation was applied.Ramsay sedation score and VAS score were recorded.and emergence agitation was assessed using RSS agitation score.Blood samples from the median cubital vein or internal jugular vein were collected before anesthesia induction (T 1), at the end of surgery (T 2), immediately after removal of tracheal tube (T 3) and at 15 min after removal of tracheal tube (T 4) for determination of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The intraoperative consumption of propofol, remifentanil and sufentanil was recorded.Adverse reactions such as tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, respiratory depression, delay of awakening and nausea and vomiting were recorded after operation. Results:Compared with group C, the amount of intraoperative remifentanil consumed was significantly decreased, serum IL-6 concentrations were decreased, and the serum IL-10 concentration was increased T 2-4, Ramsay sedate score was increased, and the incidence of agitation was decreased in group T ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS score and incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TEAS can reduce the development of emergence agitation in the patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery, which is related to inhibition of inflammatory responses.
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Objective:To evaluate the improved efficacy of ultrasonography-guided superior laryngeal nerve block (SLNB) in elderly patients undergoing short surgery with general anesthesia.Methods:Sixty-four patients of both sexes, aged≥65 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective percutaneous balloon compression under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=32 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and ultrasound-guided SLNB group (group S). The patients received bilateral SLNB under ultrasound guidance, and 1% lidocaine 3 ml was injected on each side in group S, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, sufentanil, etomidate and mivacurium, and then the patients were mechanically ventilated after endotracheal intubation.Anesthesia was maintained with propofol, remifentanil, and sevoflurane.Cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation was defined as SBP or HR increased by more than 30% of baseline from the time point immediately after intubation to 2 min after intubation, and the occurrence was recorded.Venous blood samples were collected to detect the plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and cortisol before anesthesia induction and at 5 min after intubation.The development of bucking was recorded during emergence, and the time of tracheal extubation and occurrence of sore throat, throat numbness and hoarseness after tracheal extubation were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation was significantly decreased, the plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and cortisol were decreased at 5 min after intubation, and the incidence of bucking during emergence and sore throat after tracheal extubation was decreased in group S ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided SLNB can inhibit the stress response during endotracheal intubation and reduce the occurrence of adverse events during emergence in elderly patients undergoing short surgery with general anesthesia.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of nimodipine on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy.Methods:Eighty-two American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes, aged 65-80 yr, scheduled for elective carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=41 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and nimodipine group (group N). Nimodipine 7.5 μg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused starting from the beginning of surgery until the end of surgery in group N, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. Before infusing nimodipine (T 1), before placing the the shunt (T 2), at 10 min after placing the the shunt (T 3) and at 10 min after releasing carotid artery (T 4), blood samples were taken from the radial artery and jugular bulb for blood gas analysis.Jugular venous blood oxygen content, arterio-jugular difference of oxygen content, and cerebral oxygen extraction ratio were calculated.The concentrations of S100β protein in serum of the jugular bulb were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Scale (Chinese version) at 1 day before surgery and 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery, and the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction (MoCA score<26) was recorded within 7 days after operation. Results:Compared with group C, MoCA scores were significantly increased at each time point after surgery, and the incidence of cognitive dysfunction was decreased (27% vs.17%), and the jugular venous blood oxygen content was increased, and arterio-jugular difference of oxygen content, cerebral oxygen extraction ratio, and concentrations of serum S100β protein were decreased at T 2-4 in group N ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Nimodipine can improve the cognitive function after carotid endarterectomy, which may be related to the improvement in intraoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism and reduction of brain injury in elderly patients.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in reduction of ketamine-induced long-term cognitive dysfunction by 17β estradiol in neonatal rats.Methods:Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 7 days, weighing 11-18 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), ketamine group (group K), 17β estradiol plus ketamine group (group KE), GPR30 agonist G1 plus ketamine group (group G1K) and GPR30 inhibitor G15 plus 17β estradiol plus ketamine group (group G15EK). Ketamine 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in group K. In group EK, 17β estradiol 600 μg/kg was subcutaneously injected, and ketamine 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected.In group G1K, G1 200 μg/kg was subcutaneously injected, and ketamine 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected.In group G15EK, G15 300 μg/kg and 17β estradiol 600 μg/kg were subcutaneously injected, and ketamine 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected.The equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally given in group C. The injection was performed every 24 h for 3 consecutive days.All the rats were allowed to grow up till postnatal day 60, and then Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate their spatial learning and memory function.The rats were sacrificed after the end of Morris water maze test, and hippocampi were removed for determination of contents of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and acetylcholine (ACh) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged on the 3-5 training days, the frequency of crossing the platform and percentage of time of staying at the target quadrant were decreased, the content of AChE was increased, and the content of ACh was decreased in group K ( P<0.05). Compared with group K, the escape latency was significantly shortened on the 3-5 training days, the frequency of crossing the platform and percentage of time of staying at the target quadrant were increased, the content of AChE was decreased, and the content of ACh was increased in EK and G1K groups ( P<0.05). Compared with EK and G1K groups, the escape latency was significantly prolonged on the 3-5 training days, the frequency of crossing the platform and percentage of time of staying at the target quadrant were decreased, the content of AChE was increased, and the content of ACh was decreased in group G15EK ( P<0.05). Conclusion:GPR30 is involved in reduction of ketamine-induced long-term cognitive dysfunction by 17β estradiol, which is related to regulating the contents of AChE and ACh in hippocampi of neonatal rats.
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DNA methylation as an important aspect of epigenetics plays an important role in spermatogenesis and embryonic development. In recent years, researchers have found that male infertility, in particular abnormal semen quality, is related to abnormal DNA methylation. To further delineate the pathogenesis of male infertility and inspire new ideas for the treatment of male infertility, a comprehensive review over the correlation between abnormal methylation of imprinted genes, repetitive DNA elements and non-imprinted genes, semen quality (including sperm count, morphology, and vitality) and male infertility is provided.
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Humans , Male , DNA Methylation , Infertility, Male/genetics , Semen Analysis , Sperm Count , Spermatogenesis , Spermatozoa/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of inhaled aerosolized budesonide and salbutamol on lung function during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in rabbits.Methods:Thirty-two healthy male New Zealand white rabbits, aged 5-6 months, weighing 2.5-3.0 kg, were randomized into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: two-lung ventilation (TLV) group, OLV group, inhalation of aerosolized budesonide group (group B) and inhalation of aerosolized budesonide and salbutamol group (group B+ S). Bilateral lungs were ventilated for 3 h in group TLV, the left lung was ventilated for 2 h followed by 1-h TLV in OLV, B and B+ S groups, aerosolized budesonide 1 mg (diluted to 2 ml in normal saline) was inhaled before OLV in group B, and aerosolized salbutamol 0.15 mg/kg plus budesonide 0.5 mg was inhaled before OLV in group B+ S.The equal volume of aerosolized normal saline was delivered in TLV and OLV groups.Volume-controlled ventilation was used in all groups.Arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis before aerosol inhalation (T 0), 15 min and 1 h after aerosol inhalation (T 1, 2), and at the end of ventilation (T 3). Oxygenation index was calculated.Mixed venous blood samples were collected to determine the corresponding parameters.The pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) was calculated.Peak airway pressure (P peak), airway platform pressure (P plat), airway resistance (Raw), and lung compliance (C dyn) were continuously monitored and recorded at T 0-T 3. Results:Compared with group TLV, the concentration of lactic acid was significantly increased at T 2, 3, oxygenation index and C dyn were decreased at T 1-3, and Qs/Qt, Raw, P plat and P peak were increased in OLV, B and B+ S groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group OLV, the concentration of lactic acid was significantly decreased at T 2, 3, oxygenation index and C dyn were increased at T 1-3, and Qs/Qt, Raw, P plat and P peak were decreased in B and B+ S groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group BD, the C dyn was significantly increased at T 1-3, and Qs/Qt, Raw and P peak were decreased in group B+ S ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Inhaled aerosolized budesonide and salbutamol can effectively improve lung function during OLV in rabbits.
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Objective:To compare the effects of different acupoint compatibility on the efficacy of acupuncture-drug balanced anesthesia in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods:A total of 140 patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-24.0 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 4 groups ( n=35 each) by a random number table method: general anesthesia group (group A), Hegu plus Neiguan group (group B), Hegu plus Neiguan plus Zusanli group (group C), and Hegu plus Neiguan plus Zusanli plus Sanyinjiao group (group D). Group B, group C and group D underwent percutaneous electrical stimulation of the corresponding acupoints from 30 min before induction of anesthesia to the end of operation, with a frequency of 2/100 Hz and disperse-dense waves.The intensity of stimulation was the maximum current that patients could tolerate.The intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil and requirement for rescue analgesia were recorded.Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at 24 h before surgery and 24, 48 and 72 h after surgery.The extubation time and postoperative length of hospital stay were recorded.Adverse events such as intraoperative hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia and tachycardia were recorded. Results:Compared with group A, the intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil and postoperative requirement for rescue analgesia were significantly reduced, the extubation time and postoperative length of hospital stay were shortened, and PSQI was decreased at 24 and 48 h after surgery in B, C and D groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group B and group C, PSQI was significantly decreased at 24 and 48 h after surgery, and postoperative hospitalization time was shortened in group D ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the PSQI and incidence of intraoperative hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia and tachycardia among the four groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Combination of Hegu, Neiguan, Zusanli and Sanyinjiao has a better effect on the efficacy of acupuncture-drug balanced anesthesia in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism by which simvastatin (SIM) regulates osteoclast apoptosis.@*METHODS@#Murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were divided into 5 groups, namely group A (control group), group B (sRANKL+ M-CSF), group C (SIM+sRANKL+M-CSF), group D (VIVIT peptide+sRANKL+ M-CSF), and group E (SIM+VIVIT peptide+sRANKL+M-CSF). WST-1 assay was used to assess the effects of simvastatin on the proliferation activity of the osteoclasts, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effects of SIM and VIVIVIT peptide (a NFATc1 pathway inhibitor) on apoptosis of the osteoclasts. The translocation of NFATc1 into the nucleus was investigated using immunofluorescence assay, and Western blotting was employed to assess the effect of SIM on the phosphorylation of NFATc1 in the nucleus.@*RESULTS@#WST-1 assay showed that SIM (1×10 mol/L) treatment for 24 and 48 h significantly inhibited the proliferation of the osteoclasts (=0.039 and 0.022, respectively). Compared with the control group, the SIM-treated osteoclasts exhibited significantly reduced cell percentage in G0/G1 phase (=0.041) and increased cells in sub-G1 phase (=0.028) with obvious cell apoptosis. DAPI staining and flow cytometry showed that both SIM and VIVIVIT peptide alone significantly promoted osteoclast apoptosis (=0.002 and 0.015, respectively), and their combination produced a similar pro-apoptosis effect (=0.08). Immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that SIM significantly inhibited the intranuclear translocation of NFATc1 and the phosphorylation of NFATc1 pathway protein (=0.013).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SIM promotes osteoclast apoptosis through NFATc1 signaling pathway.
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Animals , Mice , Apoptosis , Cell Differentiation , NFATC Transcription Factors , Osteoclasts , RANK Ligand , SimvastatinABSTRACT
According to the present situation and the current issues in the training of The Therapeutics of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Course, Teachers Standardized Patient(TSP) is suggested to be using in the training and the course assessments, to set up a high-quality TSP team and build up a practical teaching platform; combining the advantages from multiple teaching methods a carefully designed script, standardized training course, objective assessments as well as PBL and CBL, to improve the quality of practice teaching. Putting TSP in the classroom is the demand of the reformation of The Therapeutics of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Course, and it is also a vital approach and shortcut that leading to improve the teaching quality and to effectively create a clinical thought for medical students, especially in the shortage of medical resources nowadays.
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Objective To evaluate the modifying efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block combined with general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 65-80 yr,with body mass index of 18.5-24.0 kg/m2,scheduled for elective abdominal laparoscopic surgery,were divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:general anesthesia group (group GA) and TAP block combined with general anesthesia group (group TAP+GA).In group TAP+GA,bilateral TAP block was performed using the posterior approach,and 0.25％ ropivacaine 20 ml was injected into the two sides.Anesthesia was induced with Ⅳ midazolam,etomidate,sufentanil and cisatracurium besylate.Anesthesia was maintained using total intravenous anesthesia.When postoperative visual analog scale score ≥4,dezocine 5 mg was intravenously injected for analgesia.At 5 rmin after admission to the operating room,at 2 min after skin incision and at the end of pneumoperitoneum,venous blood samples were collected for determination of plasma norepinephrine concentrations.The intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil and intraoperative requirement for sufentanil and postoperative requirement for dezocine were recorded.The development of adverse reactions was also recorded.Results Compared with group GA,the plasma norepinephrine concentrations were significantly decreased at 2 min after skin incision and at the end of pneumoperitoneum,the intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil was reduced,the intraoperative requirement for sufentanil and postoperative requirement for dezocine were decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the incidence of adverse reactions in group TAP+GA (P＞0.05).Conclusion When TAP block combined with general anesthesia is used in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery,it is helpful in carrying out anesthetic model of low-consumption opioids and more helpful in inhibiting intraoperative stress responses and postoperative pain responses than general anesthesia alone.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the molecular biology mechanism of acupuncture on improving immune function damage induced by chemotherapy in cancer-bearing mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two mice (36 mice in 3-day treatment and 5-day treatment, respectively) which were successfully made into cancer-bearing model were divided into a blank group, a model group, an acupuncture group and a moxibustion group by stratified randomization method, 9 mice in each one. Except for the mice in the blank group, the remaining mice were treated with intra-peritoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX, 150 mg/kg), to establish the cancer-bearing mice of CTX. The mice in the blank group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% NaCl (identical dose as other groups). After 4 h, the mice in the acupuncture group and moxibustion group were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion at "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Geshu" (BL 17), "Shenshu" (BL 23), "Zusanli" (ST 36), once a day. The mice in the blank group and model group were treated with immobilization and fixation during the same time. On the next day of the end of 3-day and 5-day treatment, the sample was collected. The ELISA method was applied to measure the contents of IL-12 and TNF-α in spleen of all the mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3-day and 5-day treatment, compared with the blank group, the contents of IL-12 and TNF-α in spleen in the model group were reduced (all P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the contents of IL-12 and TNF-α in spleen in the acupuncture group and moxibustion group were increased (all P < 0.05), but the content of IL-12 and TNF-α in the acupuncture group was not different from that in the moxibustion group (both P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture and moxibustion could effectively increase the contents of IL-12 and TNF-α in spleen of CTX cancer-bearing mice, which could relieve chemotherapy-induced immune function damage to improve immune function.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Acupuncture Therapy , Cyclophosphamide , Interleukin-12 , Genetics , Metabolism , Moxibustion , Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Therapeutics , Spleen , Metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of ‘Three Steps to Regulate Qi Method’ tuina for infantile cough. Methods:Fifty-one children with cough were enrolled and received ‘Three Steps to Regulate Qi Method’ tuina, once a day for 5 d. The effects were observed after 5 treatments. Results:There was no dropout case during the process. Among the 51 infantile patients, 37 cases were cured, 14 cases were improved, and the total effective rate was 100%. Conclusion:'Three Steps to Regulate Qi Method’ tuina is an effective, simple and convenient method for infatile cough and worth spreading in clinical application.
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Little is reported about the role of PTEN gene in the progression and prognosis of GISTs. This study examined the clinical implications of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN as a prognostic factor in the GISTs. Immunohistological staining and immunoblotting were employed to examine the PTEN protein expression, and its association with clinical measures. Clinicopathological features were reviewed by a retrospective examination of medical records. Reduced PTEN expression was significantly associated with tumor diameter, mitotic figure count, metastasis and pathological stage of tumor (P0.05). The 3-year survival rate of the patients with reduced PTEN expression was significantly lower than those with high PTEN expression (P<0.01). These results suggest that the expression of PTEN gene was significantly linked with the progression and metastasis of GISTs and it is an independent prognostic factor.
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In this study, CD133+ subpopulations were isolated from 41 primary colorectal cancer tissues, the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of the cells were examined without in vitro expansion, and then compared to those of cell lines. The detection of CD133 in colorectal cancer tissues, isolation of CD133+ and CD133- epithelial subpopulations, Ki-67/DNA multiparameter assay and cell volume analysis were flow cytometrically conducted. The results showed that Ki-67 expression was correlated with CD133 level in primary cancer tissues, while cell cycle G2/M phase distribution or clinicopathological characteristics was not. In addition, the CD133+ cells showed larger cell volume and higher Ki-67 expression as compared with CD133- cells. But there was no statistically significant difference in G(2)/M phase distribution between the two subpopulations. Our results demonstrated that the CD133+ subpopulation in colorectal cancer tissue contained more actively cycling and proliferating cells, which was not correlated to clinicopathological factors but might contribute to tumor progression and poor clinical outcome.
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In this study, CD133+ subpopulations were isolated from 41 primary colorectal cancer tissues, the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of the cells were examined without in vitro expansion, and then compared to those of cell lines. The detection of CD133 in colorectal cancer tissues, isolation of CD133+ and CD133- epithelial subpopulations, Ki-67/DNA multiparameter assay and cell volume analysis were flow cytometrically conducted. The results showed that Ki-67 expression was correlated with CD133 level in primary cancer tissues, while cell cycle G2/M phase distribution or clinicopathological characteristics was not. In addition, the CD133+ cells showed larger cell volume and higher Ki-67 expression as compared with CD133- cells. But there was no statistically significant difference in G(2)/M phase distribution between the two subpopulations. Our results demonstrated that the CD133+ subpopulation in colorectal cancer tissue contained more actively cycling and proliferating cells, which was not correlated to clinicopathological factors but might contribute to tumor progression and poor clinical outcome.
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , AC133 Antigen , Antigens, CD , Metabolism , Cell Cycle , Physiology , Cell Proliferation , Colorectal Neoplasms , Pathology , Glycoproteins , Metabolism , Ki-67 Antigen , Metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Metabolism , Pathology , Peptides , Metabolism , PrognosisABSTRACT
Objective To study the mechanism of unscheduled Cyclin B1 expression at G_1 phase which is usually at G_2/M phase.Methods Human peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) from healthy volunteers were firstly activated by PHA and then went into cell cycle.The cells were collected at 0,36,48 and 60 h after activation and divided into two parts:one for Cyclins/DNA muhiparameter assay,and another for Post-sorting Western blot.Results After activation by PHA,Cyclin B1 and CDK1 of lymphocytes were expressed at G_1 phase.Conclusion Unscheduled Cyclin B1/CDKl probably contributes to lymphocytes in vivo into cell cycle.